Maulana Syed Kifayat Ali Kafi: A Forgotten Freedom Fighter

Amazing Feats, First War of Independence 1857 / Naval Mutiny 1946 / Others PreIndependece (wef. July 27th, 2022), Freedom Fighters (under research project), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Bijnor District / executed in Moradabad, UTTAR PRADESH :

Koi gul baqi rahega na chaman reh jaayega

Par Rasoolullah ka deen-e-hasan reh jayega

(No flower will be left, nor will any garden remain; but the beautiful religion of Muhammad (pbuh) will forever endure.)

Maulana Syed Kifayat Ali Kafi, a prominent Islamic scholar, poet, and freedom fighter, was executed by the British on May 6, 1858, at the crossroads of Moradabad. His execution marks a significant, yet often overlooked, chapter in India’s struggle for independence.

Early Life and Education

Born in Bijnor district, Maulana Kafi hailed from a respectable Sadat family. He pursued his education in Moradabad, Bareilly, and Badaun, gaining expertise in religious studies, traditional medicine (Hikmat), and poetry. His teachers included Sheikh Abu Saeed Rampuri in religious knowledge, Sher Ali in medicine, and Maulvi Mehdi Ali Khan and Zaki Moradabadi in poetry. Maulana Kafi was not just a scholar but also an accomplished poet, with works such as Diwan-e-Kafi, Diwan-e-Tanha, Kamalat-e-Azizi, and Naseem-e-Jannat to his name.

A Patriot’s Call to Arms

As British rule continued to oppress India, Maulana Kafi’s determination to see a free Hindustan grew stronger. When the First War of Independence erupted in 1857, Maulana Kafi actively participated in the struggle. His fatwa of Jihad against British rule, posted on the walls of the Jama Masjid in Moradabad, was a rallying cry for Muslims to rise against the oppressors.

Joining General Bakht Khan Rohilla’s forces, Maulana Kafi fought bravely from Delhi to Bareilly and Allahabad. After liberating Moradabad, he helped establish a local government under Nawab Majiduddin Khan, also known as Nawab Majju Khan. Maulana Kafi was appointed Sadar-e-Shariat, where he oversaw judicial matters according to the Sharia law.

Betrayal and Capture

Despite the initial successes, the freedom movement in Moradabad faced significant setbacks due to betrayals by local traitors and the Nawab of Rampur who had aligned with the British. As a result, the British recaptured Moradabad, and on April 30, 1858, Maulana Kafi was arrested, following a tip-off by a local informer named Fakhruddin Kalal.

Martyrdom

Maulana Kafi’s trial was swift and brutal. On May 6, 1858, after enduring severe torture and refusing to renounce his faith and commitment for his motherland, he was hanged by the British. His final moments were marked by an extraordinary sense of calm and composure.

Maulana Syed Kifayat Ali Kafi’s sacrifice remains a poignant reminder of the countless unsung heroes who fought and gave their lives for India’s freedom. His legacy, though forgotten by many, continues to inspire those who remember the courage and conviction of one of the nation’s noble martyrs.

source: http://www.themilligazette.com / The Milli Gazette Online / Home> News> Special Reports / by Sahil Rizvi / August 18th, 2024

Mazumder’s second autobiographical book released

Books (incl.Biographies - w.e.f.01 jan 2018 ), Community Involvement / Social Issues, Leaders, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

ASSAM :

Guwahati:

“Down Memory Lane II”, the second in the autobiographical series of books authored by Abdul Muhib Mazumder, former Minister and Advocate General of Assam, was launched in presence of a host of dignitaries at the Guwahati Press Club on 29 July.

The book has been edited by Abdul Wadud Aman, a lawyer and civil rights activist and published by the Centre for Minority Studies, Research & Development (CMRD) Assam.

At the outset, a citation on behalf CMRD was presented to Mazumder by Anowar Hussain, working president while a sorai was handed over by Zamser Ali, general secretary of CMRD.

Mazumder addressed the audience on this occasion saying, “I am tempted to make an appeal to the readers to enter into a discussion on the subjects dealt with by me which have a pronounced effect on social restructuring of our polity.” He appealed to the legal fraternity, in particular, who were present at the event in good numbers, to take up the issues, discuss them, analyse them and suggest solutions acceptable to all sections of people and the polity to pave way for emergence of a resurgent Assam.

Harsh Mander, Director of the Centre for Equity Studies & Special Commissioner to the Supreme Court of India in the Right to Food case, was the chief guest. Along with other dignitaries on the dais, he released the book. In his address, Mander said that he was born in Shillong and has had a long association with the North East. He has been visiting the region regularly to bring succour to the victims of natural and man-made calamities. He appealed to the youth of the region to stand by the side of the oppressed and the persecuted and raise their voice whenever their human rights are violated.

Others who addressed the event included Justice Aftab Hussain Saikia, former Chief Justice of J&K High Court; Justice DN Choudhury, former Justice of Gauhati High Court; Prof Abdul Mannan of Gauhati University; Ram Chandra Saikia, President of the Gauhati High Court Bar and Chinmoy Choudhury, Advocate General of Assam.

Incidentally, except for Prof Abdul Mannan, all the above mentioned personalities were students of Mazumder when he taught law at Gauhati University and were his junior colleagues when they started practice at Gauhati High Court. 

(Nurul Islam Laskar — nurul.laskar@gmail.com)

source: http://www.milligazette.com / The Milli Gazette / Home> News> Community News / by Nurul Islam Laskar / August 29th, 2016

Makram Ali Laskar: Legal luminary from Assam no more

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Nitaingar Village (Hailakandi) / Guwahati, ASSAM :

One of the reputed lawyers from Assam, Makram Ali Laskar breathed his last on January 10. Veteran lawyer Makram Ali Laskar was not just a legal luminary; he was a great human being too.

Born in 1935 at Nitainagar village, Hailakandi in the then district of Cachar, Assam, Makram Ali Laskar had his early education at his village pathsala.

Laskar completed his Matriculation from Government Victoria Memorial High School, Hailakandi in 1952 and passed 10+2 from Gurucharan College, Silchar, in 1955. Laskar studied BA from Cotton College, Gauhati and then took his law degree from Gauhati University in 1962. Laskar also earned a Masters in Political Science from the same university.

Laskar joined the Gauhati High Court Bar as practicing lawyer and spend his time in researching and studying with Late Justice BL Hansaria who also joined the bar about the same time before Justice Hansaria joined as a District and Session’s Judge, who eventually became judge of the Supreme Court of India. Justice Hansaria noted his companionship and scholarly association with Laskar in his memoirs.

During 1969-1976, Laskar taught law in the Department of Law, Gauhati University, Guwahati. In 1976, he was appointed as the Standing Counsel for Union of India in the Gauhati High Court. He also worked as a Assam government panel advocate in the Gauhati High Court in the beginning of his career.

Laskar commanded a large private practice in civil, criminal and constitutional matters. He was designated as a senior advocate of Gauhati High Court in 1986 along with five other noted advocates. All of them were legal stalwarts of their time.

Laskar was a sincere and dedicated lawyer and he received many offers to serve in higher judiciary but always preferred to practice and remain active in Bar than a higher office.

Laskar was also appointed as an additional advocate general, Assam, in 1991. Former Assam chief minister Tarun Gogoi in a note wrote about Late Makram Ali as – “An amalgam of steadfastness and gentleness” while discussing Laskar’s performance as additional advocate general.

Due to high blood pressure and health problems, Laskar had to cut short his legal career where he last appeared in a case in 2002 before the court of Late Justice JN Sharma.

Laskar finally bade adieu to his noble profession on health grounds but his guidance to the young lawyers was indeed commendable. Many of his mentees in law mentioned about his amicability and excellence in his mentorship. One of his juniors who practiced in Laskar’s chamber was Justice Aftab Hussain Saikia, who retired as Chief Justice of Jammu & Kashmir High Court and currently chairperson of Assam Human Rights Commission.

Justice Saikia shared his memory with his mentor as: “During the time of my initial practice, I used to come from my permanent residence to attend the chamber of Laskar sir as I could not afford to have a rented house at Guwahati and my residence was too far from the chamber. It was a very hard life. One fine morning in 1977, Laskar sir asked me to accompany him to a place near his residence. He took me to a room in the proximity of his house. It was a big furnished room with all minimum requirements and a separate kitchen. When I enquired ‘Why have you shown me this room sir?’, he replied, ‘From now, you will stay in this house.’ Then I told him that I had no money to pay the rent. He said ‘Don’t bother for the rent. I will pay the rent. Your only duty is to attend my chamber regularly.”

Apart from his successful career in law, Laskar was a voracious reader of works from Shakespeare, Tagore and Kazi Nazrul. He was very fond of folk music of Assam.

The social life of MA Laskar is equally remarkable. He never hesitated to call a spade a spade. He was a practicing Gandhian and believed in the principle of non-violence and was inspired by the freedom fighter and first education minister of India Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Politically, a Gandhian, Laskar was closely associated with Sarat Chandra Sinha and was heavily involved with anti-emergency movements in the late 1970s. He also unsuccessfully fought elections in 1983 as Congress (Socialist) candidate from Hailakandi legislative assembly that was a splinter group formed in protest against the tyranny of Indira Gandhi during emergency.

Hailing from the famous ‘Laskar clan’ of Nitainagar in the district of Hailakandi, Assam, he was born to merchant Habib Ali Laskar who died leaving behind eight children on their own struggles. However, their mother Masurjan Bibi ensured that all her children get education and get succeeded in the struggles they were facing. Advocate Laskar left behind his younger brother, Nurul Huda Laskar, who is the senior-most lawyer in the Hailakandi District Bar. Another lawyer brother, a noted public prosecutor, Nurul Islam Laskar passed away in 2012. The other brothers who had taken the path of family business were Moin Laskar, Gias Laskar and Siraj Laskar.

Two of his sons Azim Laskar and Imran Laskar are noted lawyers who are practicing in the Supreme Court and Gauhati High Court.

Advocate Laskar is survived by a large family who gathered in Gandhi Basti, Guwahati to perform his last rites as they were reminisce the glorious history of the ‘Laskar clan’ and its legacy in the history of Assam.

The author of this article, along with the younger son of Advocate  Laskar, Imran Laskar are compiling a brief history of Nitainagar Laskar clan of Assam – an integral part of the historic colonial legacy of Assam Muslims who are targeted by a vicious circle in Indian politics as Bangladeshi immigrants without knowing an iota of the history and contribution of Muslim clans, societies across Assam who are equal ‘Bhumiputras- sons of the soil’ of Assam and were active in Indian freedom struggle and stood steadfast against the partition of India and social movements that happened post-independent India.

_________________________

About Dr Mustafa Barbhuiya

The author, Dr Mustafa Barbhuiya is a senior postdoctoral research fellow in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. He hails from Hailakandi, Assam and among kinfolk of the Laskar Clan through matrimonial alliance.

____________________________

source: http://www.thenewsmill.com / The News Mill / Home / by Dr. Mustafa Barbhuiya / January 17th, 2017

Hamed Aziz Safwi’s center in Howrah is one stop resource for competitive exams

Education, Education- Excellence, Coaching, Training, Tutorials (wef. Feb 09th, 2024), , , , , , , , , ,

Howrah, WEST BENGAL:

Hamed Aziz Safwi with children in the library

Hamed Aziz Safwi of Kolkata seeks to change the lives of many in Uluberia, an industrial town in Howrah, West Bengal and beyond through his coaching institute where he provides all support to those willing to sit in the competitive examinations for admission in professional courses, but can’t afford the expensive fee.

Two years ago, Safwi established the Haider Aziz Safwi Career Development Centre, on the death anniversary of his father Haider Aziz Safwi, bureaucrat turned political who served as  MLA for nearly 7.5 years.

“In 2011, my father contested the Assembly Election and started his strong bond with the community. As an MLA, he interacted with people daily, and I used to accompany him since I was 11 years old.

Hamed Aziz Safwi with students

“When re-elected in 2016, he became a revered figure, with a park and statue now bearing his name.” He passed away in 2018 and is remembered fondly by people.

Safwi, an economics graduate from St. Xavier University, Kolkata says that he is happy that today, the center (in his father’s name) can serve 600 students, while the e-Shiksha Centre caters to 80, and another section 40 students.

The center is located within the premises of the Taj Mahal Library in Uluberia—a location dear to his father. The Library is a subsidiary of the Taj Mahal Gram Vikas Kendra.

Hamed Aziz Safwi gifting laptops to students

The library, initially founded with the help of friends and locals, provides expensive books and resources free of cost to students preparing for exams like IIT-JEE, NEET, CAT, etc. This initiative is useful for locals for whom such resources can be prohibitively expensive.

Uluberia has a sizeable Muslim population and a majority of them can ill afford expensive coaching for prestigious examinations for professional colleges and hence the youth don’t even dare to dream big.

Hamed Safwi set up his e-Shiksha Centre (digital learning center) to give students access to laptops, the internet, and virtual coaching, enabling them to pursue their education.

Hamed Aziz Safwi speaking at a function 

Safwi said, “Access to books was the first step and to truly enhance the learning opportunities for the youth of Uluberia I introduced the e-Shiksha Centre, or digital learning center for better access to the digital world.”

Last year, he opened two digital literacy centers to bridge the digital divide in the community. These centers offer online classes and assistance, especially form-filling, particularly for those who struggle with technology. He felt the need for such a platform during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

One center runs in collaboration with local club members and another in with the Hart Memorial Primary School.

Safwi said, “Locals are encouraged to come and learn, using the space to fill out forms or attend classes in their spare time. The community has been instrumental in these efforts, donating books, old laptops, and even stools to help fund and sustain these initiatives. The initiative is being run on Zero Cash policy here, we focus on providing resources rather than cash and are mostly funded by me.”

  Hamed Aziz Safwi

“The e-Shiksha Centre provides essential resources to students who face financial hardships. It offers services to a maximum of 30 students per day, many of whom come from distant areas. For these students, the center serves as a crucial lifeline, offering take-home resources and digital access they otherwise couldn’t afford. Additionally, the center remains open from 10 am till 4 pm,” said local coordinator S K Faruk.

With support from Prof. Souvik Mukherjee of St. Xavier’s University, Hamed Safwi is determined to expand his reach to as many students as possible. “Together, we are working on plans to serve the educational needs of the community, ensuring that every student has the opportunity to access quality resources and support for their academic growth,” he said.

Nargis Parvin from Raghudebbati Mufty Para, Howrah, who works as a field facilitator at Nari o Shishu Kalyan Kendra on the Right to Food project the story is different.

She says, “Whenever I have free time, I visit the Haider Aziz Safwi Career Development Centre to read detective books by Satyajit Ray. These stories help shape my perspective on life.”

source: http://www.awazthevoice.in / Awaz, The Voice / Home> Story / by Hena Ahmed, Kolkata / September 11th, 2024

Team B-Human distributes fruits, essentials to patients at Wenlock Hospital in Mangaluru

Community Involvement / Social Issues, FREE : Food, Uncategorized, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Mangaluru, KARNATAKA :

Mangaluru: 

To mark Kannada Rajyothsava, Team B-Human conducted a charitable distribution drive on Thursday at Wenlock Hospital, Mangaluru, offering fruits and essential items to dialysis patients and children receiving treatment.

Dr. Shiva Prakash, District Medical Officer at Wenlock, inaugurated the event and praised Team B-Human’s efforts in raising awareness on health issues and supporting patients in need. “Wenlock Hospital has a well-equipped dialysis centre, and we provide a full range of treatment options in the children’s ward. Our mission is to offer free medical and surgical services to the underprivileged, both in urban and rural areas, along with specialized care,” he said.

Shareef Whitestone, a trustee of Team B-Human, highlighted the group’s commitment to community service, noting that they have sponsored free dialysis for many needy patients at Yenepoya and Kanachur hospitals over the past two years. “Our goal is to assist the economically disadvantaged across all communities. In the future, we also intend to offer financial aid to students from low-income families,” added Asif Deals, the founder of Team B-Human.

The distribution included lunch, blankets, and towels for adult patients, and special kits for young patients containing toys, fruits, biscuits, chocolates, diapers, slippers, and other essentials.

Several hospital staff and officials attended the event, including RMO Dr. Sudhakar T., physicians Dr. Sadananda Poojary and Dr. Abdul Basith, Nursing In-charge Sumanagala, Office Superintendent Tilak U., SDO Avil Clarence Raj, Health Committee Member Shashidhar K. Bajal, and ARS Member Prabhakar Amin.

Representing Team B-Human were members Imthiyaz Z. M., Abbas Uchil, Imran Hasan, Nazeer Ullal, Iqbal Bantwal, Ahnaf Deals, Basheer, Azeez, Faiz, and Health In-charge Haneef Thodar.

source: http://www.english.varthabharati.in / Vartha Bharati / Home> India / by Vartha Bharati / November 07th, 2024

Owais Manzoor from Kupwara fulfils his childhood dream to fly

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Hangishart Village (Kupwara, Kashmir), JAMMU & KASHMIR:

Owais Manzoor, a 21-year-old from Hangishart village in North Kashmir’s Kupwara district, has made history by becoming the first commercial pilot from the area. He has recently joined Air India.

Mehak Bandey sent him a few question to know about him and his opinion on issue through email. Owais shared his journey and his challenges in the following online conversation:

Was it your childhood dream to become a pilot? Please tell us about  your journey to becoming a pilot and the challenges you faced.

Yes, it was my childhood dream. I used to get very fascinated by looking at the cockpit and always thought about how the plane flies. So, about my journey, I did my schooling in Kashmir, and soon after 12th, I joined aviation, cleared my DGCA exams, and completed my 200 hours of flying from Redbird Flight Training Academy in Karnataka. Then I applied for the Air India vacancy and cleared it.

How supportive were your parents in achieving your goal?

My parents have been my backbone; they supported me immensely throughout my aviation journey.

From a remote village in Kashmir to Air India—how was that journey?

It was a journey full of patience, as that’s what aviation teaches us and tests us.

Since you wanted to fly, did you ever consider joining the Indian Air Force?

While I have immense respect for the army personnel who serve our country, my sole goal has always been to fly for a commercial airline.

Flying commercial planes means taking full responsibility for all passengers. How do you cope with that?

It comes with experience and the confidence that builds over time. No one is perfect, but anything can be mastered. I feel confident in my ability to make decisions that ensure the safety and well-being of both the aircraft and the passengers.

What message would you like to give to the younger generations of Kashmir?

My message is to stay patient, set a goal, and work on it. We can achieve anything if we set our minds to it and not let other things overpower us.

source: http://www.awazthevoice.in / Awaz, The Voice / Home> Story / by Mehak Bandey, New Delhi / September 21st, 2024

AMU Prof. Dr. Farhan Ahmad Khan’s proposed device which enables ‘early diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in children’ gets patent from IPO, UK

Amazing Feats, Business & Economy, Inventions, Innovations (wef. Nov 30th, 2021), Leaders, Science & Technology, Scientists (wef. August 27th,m 2023), World Opinion, , , , , , , , , ,

Aligarh, UTTAR PRADESH :

Aligarh :

Prof Farhan Ahmad Khan, Department of Pharmacology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University has been granted a certificate of registration by the UK Intellectual Property Office for a novel design of an innovative device that enables early diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in children.

He said that the design paves the way for understanding and solving some of the difficult challenges in medical science today. The device, when ready to use, will help in the management of rare pediatric genetic disorders.

Prof. Syed Ziaur Rahman, Chairman, Department of Pharmacology, congratulated Prof. Khan on the registration of the design of his device, adding that it is a proud moment for the department and the university.

source: http://www.amu.ac.in / Aligarh Muslim University / Home> AMU News / by Public Relations Office (headline edited) / October 25th, 2024

Meet the Kashmiri houseboat owner hailed by PM Modi for designing floating ambulance service for COVID-19 patients in Dal Lake

Amazing Feats, Business & Economy, Community Involvement / Social Issues, COVID 19 - Community of Soldiers, Inventions, Innovations (wef. Nov 30th, 2021), , , , , , , , , ,

Dal Lake ,Srinagar, JAMMU & KASHMIR :

Tariq Ahmad Patloo, 51, says he is grateful to the PM for appreciating his efforts, yet, he remains unmoved by the fame because successive governments have done nothing for the Hanjis- the dwellers of waters in the Dal and other lakes of Kashmir Valley.

The floating ambulance by Tariq Ahmad Patloo on Dal Lake in Srinagar (Image: ANI)

Houseboat owner Tariq Ahmad Patloo, who converted his boat  into a floating ambulance to ferry COVID-19 patients on the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, found mention in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s monthly radio address ‘Mann Ki Baat’ on June 27.

Fifty-one-year -old Patloo, who lives with his mother, wife and daughter, along with thousands of others in the houseboats stationed in the world-famous Lake of Srinagar, had designed the free floating ambulance service after he recovered from COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in August last year.

Tariq Ahmad Patloo

Patloo, who owns the house boat named ‘Sea Palace’, apart from the ambulance, is grateful to the Prime Minister for appreciating his efforts. But, he is unmoved by the fame because of the grudge that successive governments have not done anything for the Hanjis- the ethnic community who are dwellers of waters in the Dal and other lakes of Kashmir Valley.”I can’t thank the Prime Minister enough for mentioning me in his address. But I would have been happier if the Centre, or the state, may have done something for the progress of our community.” Patloo told MoneyControl.

Hanjis living in about 900 houseboats, Patloo said, have been living in misery for years. “No one care for us.  They talked about rehabilitation, nothing happened. They said they will relocate us, nothing happened. We do not have even a dispensary here. No one has been ever given a government job. We have had enough promises,” he said.

Patloo is not the only member from his family to catch Prime Minister Modi’s attention. In 2018, the PM praised his eight-year-old daughter Jannat’s efforts for cleaning Dal Lake.

“We don’t need money. We need to live a respectful life, like any other community,” he said.

During his ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme the PM appreciated Patloo’s novel idea of a boat ambulance.

“Here a boat ambulance service was started at Dal Lake. This service was started by Tariq Ahmad Patloo ji of Srinagar, who is a houseboat 0wner. He himself has also fought the battle with COVID-19 and this inspired him to start the ambulance service,” the Prime Minister said in the 78th edition of the address.

Patloo said he thought of setting up the ambulance out of his personal experience. He had faced difficulties to reach the hospital from Dal waters when he contracted the disease. He was in home isolation for the first few days but had to be hospitalised at downtown Srinagar’s Shri Maharaja Hari Singh (SMHS) hospital after his health deteriorated.

“I had a difficult time in reaching the shore of the Dal Lake. I cannot even tell you how my family managed to take me to the hospital,” said Patloo.

The ambulance comes equipped with PPE kits, stretchers, wheelchair and other healthcare amenities. It also provides oxygen cylinders to the needy besides generating awareness regarding COVID-19 appropriate behavior.

Jammu and Kashmir reported 415 new COVID-19 cases and eight deaths in the last 24 hours. As many as 46,148 fresh COVID-19 cases and 979 deaths were recorded across the country in the last 24 hours, the Union Health Ministry said.

source: http://www.moneycontrol.com / Money Control / Home> News> India> Trending Topics / by Gulam Jeelani / June 28th, 2021

Farewell event held for longtime resident Dr Abdul Rahiman Elikkottil

NRI's / PIO's, , , , , , , , , , ,

KERALA / Doha, QATAR :

Dr Abdul Rahiman Elikkottil, associate consultant at Hamad Medical Corporation and an active member of the Center for Indian Community (CIC) was given a farewell by the CIC Medical Affairs Wing as he concluded 26 years of expatriate life and returned to his homeland.

At the event chaired by CIC vice-president Habeeb Rahman Keezhisseri, president T K Qasim, Haris, Abdul Jaleel M M, Dr Hussain, Dr Noushad, Dr Naseem, Mansoor and Mohammed Ali spoke.

Noufal Paleri delivered the welcome address and Dr Abdul Rahiman gave a reply speech.

Habeeb Rahman presented a memento on behalf of CIC.

source: http://www.gulf-times.com / Gulf Times / Home> Community> Culture / September 22nd, 2024

Mappila Leader In Exile A Political Biography of Syed Fazal Tangal: K.K.Muhammad Abdul Sathar

Books (incl.Biographies - w.e.f.01 jan 2018 ), Leaders, , , ,

KERALA :

In the biography of Syed Fazl, Dr. K K Muhammad Abdul Sathar traces the political outlook and disposition of Mamburam Syed Fazal Tangal (1824-1900) from his roots among Ba alwis in Yemen to the Malabar of the 19th century.

There are references to Syed Fazal as a religious scholar, reformer, and spiritual guide, all these roles buttressing his political stance against the British and the feudal aristocracy.

ISBN: 9789380081120 | 1st Edition | 2012 / Paperback | Pages: 208 | 215×140mm | 234gm
Category:Biography, Malabar

source: http://www.store.maktoobmedia.com /