Monthly Archives: February 2020

Kashmiri girl wins gold in Wushu stars championship in Moscow

Srinagar, JAMMU & KASHMIR :

MunazehMPOs29feb2020

Munazeh Gazi secured Gold medal in the Moscow Wushu stars Wushu championship at Moscow from 25th to 29th February 2020. She defeated Kazak player in the final in 60kg weight category. Earlier she defeated russian player in the semi finals.
The Indian Wushu team Secured 6 Gold, 6 Silver and 3 Bronze medals in the championship. The team was sent by the sports authority of at Cost to government.

Prior to participation, the Wushu Association of India organized 45 days Wushu coaching camp at Chandigarh.
Munazeh Gazi from Srinagar has secured number of medals at national level and last year she made the country and state proud by winning Silver medal in the 10th Asian wushu championship at Brunie.
Rajesh Choudhary of Jammu and Kashmir working in CRPF also secured Silver medal In the championship. He lost to Russia in the Semi finals. He is working with CRPF.
The office bearers of Wushu Association of JK congratulated both the medalists of the UT of JK.
Vijay Saraf, President congratulated both the players especially Munazah Gazi for securing Gold in the championship. He also congratulated indian team for the remarkable performance
The CEO of Wushu Association of J&K Kuldeep Handoo congratulates both the players and the indian team for bringing laurels for the country.

He congratulated District Srinagar wushu Association headed by Sh.Sadat Nasir Wani ,Maqsood Rather and also the coaches Rameez and Irfan for the OUTSTANDING performance

source: http://www.brighterkashmir.com / Brighter Kashmir / Home / by Brighter Kashmir Sports Desk, Srinagar / February 29th, 2020

KV Chikkodi students win award

Chikkodi (Belagavi District) , KARNATAKA :

Students of Kendriya Vidyalaya in Chikkodi in Belagavi district have won an award instituted by the Union government for their electronics project.

Students Shreeraksha, Md. Owais and Lakshmi have designed a home security system, home appliance control and mobile phone detector project. They demonstrated this working model at the District Institute of Education and Training and won the Inspire-MANAK Award that carries a prize of ₹ 10,000.

Kendriya Vidyalaya principal Sudhir Sharma has congratulated the work experience teacher Ravi Singh who worked with the students in the project.

Kendriya Vidyalaya Chikkodi students have won the first, second and third places at the district level in India’s online science competition, Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> States> Karnataka / by Special Correspondent / Belagavi – February 28th, 2020

Antulay daughter’s eulogy to parents’ love story when they were 28 and 14

MAHARASHTRA :

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Mumbai:

Nearly seven decades after her parents “lived” the love-story of their youth through an exchange of letters, their doting daughter has now published those communication in a book form.

The letters were written by legendary Maharashtra political leader and former Chief Minister and Union Minister, Abdul Rahman Antulay to his home-maker wife Nargis – during their “bethrothal” of four years when she was just 14 and he was all mature at 28 – and also later on after their marriage in May 1959.

Eldest daughter Neelam Mushtaq Antulay had to carry out some major jobs before she could finally compile and create an Urdu and a Hindi book – “Banaam Nargis (‘To Nargis’)”.

First she had to convince her mother to part with them and later painstakingly sift through hundreds of pages of great emotional churning.

“Banaam Nargis” will be released on Saturday at a mega-event by Nationalist Congress President Sharad Pawar and Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha Ghulam Nabi Azad, while Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray will rename the prestigious Anjuman-I-Islam law college in south Mumbai as “Barrister A. R. Antulay College of Law”.

“‘Banaam Nargis’, a collection of entirely personal letters written from a loving boy to his beloved fiance during the conservative era, were more than merely love-letters,” said Neelam.

“I remember from my childhood, how my mother, who treasured a majority of these handwritten letters, (with a fountain pen) — would quietly take them out, read, again and again with a myriad emotions lighting or clouding her face, even after he passed away in December 2014,” Neelam told IANS in a free-wheeling chat on Friday.

She remembers a well known Urdu book, “Zer-e-Lab” – a collection of letters written to renowned Urdu poet Jan Nisar Akhtar — father of equally distinguished son, Javed Akhtar – by his teacher wife, Safiya.

“This got me thinking… Why not highlight my Abbu’s letters to my Ammi? But it took me mountainous efforts to convince my mother before she finally relented over two years ago.

“Today, I consider it my humble tribute to my parents…” Neelam said.

After Nargis parted with her “treasure”, Neelam got down to reading them — around 300 — and many more which she kept aside without even reading, as they were ‘intimately personal’ though her Ammi now had no reservations!

“The letters are clear, concise, to the point.. he wrote prolifically, mostly daily, at times twice daily and posted them… From his bachelor home in Mumbai and Raigad to her parents’ home in Bhiwandi (then called Bhimdi, Thane), unveiling a different era of their lives…,” Neelam says with a heavy heart.

To a query, she points out that “of course, there was a lot of romance” but there was also a lot more.

“He shared with her practically everything… His joys and disappointments, achievements or failures, the highlights or downsides of his blooming legal career after he returned as barrister from Lincoln’s Inn, London, his maiden speech in public life with luminaries like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and others present… It opened up a whole new world of my father which I never knew,” said Neelam.

In his inimitable style, Antulay would recount many incidents, anecdotes with references to the then prevalent social, cultural and political events and conveyed a lot more than what he wrote of what was in his heart and mind.

“He ‘lived’ his life with his love (Nargis) through these letters… These pages provide rare glimpses into history… I now feel there was something magical about them…

“Though during their engagement, my mother was too young and many things were beyond her comprehension coming from a highly qualified barrister, but today I understand why she keeps opening the trove to read them again and again,” says Neelam with a smile.

However, Neelam said that her mother was very less “reciprocal” and barely may have replied averaging to 10 per cent – probably one for every 10 letters from her besotted husband!

“But he was never offended and both enjoyed their life, loved their children and brought us all up with dedication and care… Surprisingly, my mother revealed that one day, she destroyed all the letters she had written to him!” said Neelam.

Surprisingly, she is the first member of the family allowed by Nargis to read the letters, described by an editor as “pearls of words and wisdom”.

No other family members – Neelam’s politician husband Mushtaq, sister Shabnam and her husband Justice Amjad Sayed, television personality and upcoming politician brother Naved Antulay, and youngest sister Mubeena and her businessman husband Ejaz Sayed – were allowed access to them.

The earliest of the letters were written by Antulay on 20-10-1957 from ‘Bambai’ (Bombay, now Mumbai) to ‘Bhimdi’, and the last of it was penned by him to Nargis on 22-10-1961 to ‘Bambai’ from London where he was part of a Congress Party delegation.

“I have mostly tried to transliterate the letters in Hindi to retain the special flavour… They are best read in Urdu, followed by Hindi, but any suggestions to translate them in English would kill their very essence,” she laughed.

Neelam is confident that most people “will fall in love with my parents” and learn a lot about life after reading these letters in ‘Banaam Nargis’. (IANS)

source: http://www.indianewengland.com / India New England News / Home> Books / byQuaid Najmi / February 21st, 2020

Maulana Azad: The Voice Behind the Dream for a Unified India

NEW DELHI  :

(This story was first published on 10 November 2017. It has been republished from The Quint’s archives to mark Maulana Azad’s death anniversary.)

“I am an essential element, which has gone into building India. I can never surrender this claim.”

These were the famous words uttered by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, when he stared at the daunting prospect of Partition. On his birth anniversary, we remember his contribution to the country.

source: http://www.youtube.com / The Quint

Azad was among the many Muslim leaders in India who opposed the Partition of Unified India into Pakistan and Hindustan. As the leader of the All India Congress Committee in 1946, he put forth a Cabinet Mission proposal that advocated a federal structure of government, with autonomy for states. Though the proposal did face a great deal of skepticism, the Working Committee passed it, with even Jinnah agreeing to it for ‘the greater good of Indian Muslims’.

This proposal was certainly considered a breakthrough, as Jinnah and Azad had never enjoyed very good relations, predominantly owing to their opposing stances on Partition. Where one batted for Hindu-Muslim unity under a larger India, the other was vehement on the creation of two separate states. But their souring relations never stopped Azad from attempting to convince Jinnah to consider a ‘unified India’.

For instance, when Jinnah’s clamour for Pakistan grew louder, Azad is known to have sent a telegram insisting on the perils of a two-state ideology. Jinnah is said to have insulted Azad in his response, calling him Congress’ ‘show boy President’.

Don’t you feel that the Congress has made you a show boy President to hoodwink non-Congress parties and other countries of the world? You represent neither Muslims nor Hindus.

Having failed at getting Jinnah to reconsider, Azad then unsuccessfully tried to convince the Congress leaders to wait till a solution could be found. But even Patel, who earlier backed Azad’s proposal, was now vehemently pro-partition. Azad in his autobiography later writes that the party agreed to the Partition as “blindness of Congress leaders to facts, and their anger and frustration clouded their vision.”

According to Azad, as he writes in his autobiography, Nehru too contributed to angering the Muslims, by committing two mistakes which ultimately drove Jinnah to lose faith in the proposal and go through with partition.

The first was when Nehru refused to take two Muslim League leaders as Cabinet Ministers in the UP elections of 1937. The second mistake was when after taking over as the President of the Congress in 1946, he indicated that the earlier Cabinet Mission proposal could be changed, which culminated in Jinnah insisting on the formation of Pakistan.

Maulana had not only opposed Partition as an Indian leader, but also as a Muslim. He was, in fact, of the opinion, that the two-state policy will only “create more problems than solve”.

And true to his word, even today the relations between the two countries are strained at best, despite their shared history.

source: http://www.thequint.com / The Quint / Home> News Videos / November 10th, 2017 / and February 22nd, 2020

Woman from lone Muslim family in zone wins

Rupnagar (aka Ropar) , PUNJAB :

Ropar:

The voters of Nurpur Bedi area set an example by electing Congress candidate Ravena Begum, a Muslim woman, as panchayat samiti member from Takhatgarh zone. She belongs to the lone Muslim family comprising of four voters in the zone.

ROBINSINGH@TRIBUNE.COM
Ropar:

The voters of Nurpur Bedi area set an example by electing Congress candidate Ravena Begum, a Muslim woman, as panchayat samiti member from Takhatgarh zone.

She belongs to the lone Muslim family comprising of four voters in the zone.

Surinder Kaur, sister of AAP local MLA Amarjit Singh Sandoa, who contested as an Independent candidate, finished third by getting 631 votes.

Ravena, who was polled 851 votes, defeated her nearest rival Anju Bala of the BJP, who got 811 votes. Congress leader Brinder Singh Dhillon, who had contested the Assembly elections from Ropar, said the victory proved that the Congress was a secular party.

Speaker Rana KP Singh said Ravena was a hardworking party activist and people voted for her in recognition of her work.  / TNS

source: http://www.tribuneindia.com / The Tribune / Home> Punjab / September 21st, 2018

Buildings are books someone forgot to burn, says H Masud Taj

Mumbai, MAHARASHTRA / Ottawa, CANADA  :

Architect, poet, professor H Masud Taj is on an India tour to talk about Sinan, Istanbul’s foremost architect, who has arguably built more than any other architect in documented history.

H Masud Taj ( Source: Noah Taj)
H Masud Taj ( Source: Noah Taj)

H Masud Taj, Adjunct Professor at Carleton University in Canada, was mentored in architecture by Hassan Fathy and in calligraphy by David Hosbrough. His talk on “Sinan:Architect at the Centre of the World” in Delhi drizzled with anecdotes of Ottoman empire’s most celebrated builder, and how history and politics were fertile soil for some of Istanbul’s lasting monuments. Excerpts from an interview:

Where did your love for calligraphy and poetry develop?
In Bombay, at home by the sea with its tidal rhythms, where my father had a divine hand that remains without a tremor even in his 90s and because my mother tongue is Urdu, the most poetic of Indian languages (besides being a descendant of the classical Urdu poet, Ameer Meenai). With a father who was a shayar a mother who tore the last page of Urdu novels to replace it with her own version, with storytellers and musicians for sisters, it just had to happen. And when it did, I was 13 years old, far from home, and far from my mother tongue, in Ooty in a school, grounded on JD Krishnamurti with a sprinkling of Aurobindo, where clouds would descend valleys, enter classrooms and blur categories.

You taught architecture simultaneously at Sir JJ College of Architecture, Rizvi College and Pillai college in Mumbai
Yes, while running an architectural practice in Bombay and consultancy in Delhi besides being a fortnightly op-ed architectural columnist. Now I teach in Canada, practice in India and research in-between in Europe and Turkey. For instance this year the University’s Faculty of Public Affairs, showcased the research and photography I did while reading medieval buildings and Don Quixote, in Toledo, Spain.

In your next book on the Seven Muslim Wonders & the Making of the Modern World, which are the sites you will be exploring?
Those that I have visited in Agra, Cairo, Cordoba, Granada, Isfahan, Istanbul and Mecca. If you add Jerusalem that is eight but one of them is latent in all others just as the sound of alif is latent in all letters of Arabic.

Louis Kahn’s IIM-A building and the poem that Taj wrote, inspired by the building
Louis Kahn’s IIM-A building and the poem that Taj wrote, inspired by the building

And where do you see the intersections?
Seven mnemonic monuments embody civilizational ideas. Buildings are books that someone forgot to burn; they await a reading and then paradigms begin to shift and you see the world anew and hopefully the reader will too. For instance, satellite images show that the original Taj Mahal complex extended much further at both ends: across the Yamuna to the royal Mughal garden with a reflecting pool that reveals why the Mughals called it Rouza-e-Munnawara: The Illuminated Tomb (Taj Mahal is a misnomer). However, the real action of the complex was at the other end: the quadrant bazaar as a node of the global Muslim network of an ‘ethically driven commerce’, of poet merchants and Sufi merchant brotherhoods.

What prompted this book?
Many things but the final straw was Jerry Pinto saying I was offering “forever the promise of beauty”. He inscribed that in my copy of his incredible Em and the Big Hoom. He was right.

And when will it be launched?
Ship building is easy; it is the ocean that takes a while.

You were inspired by Louis Kahn’s Indian Institute of Management building in Ahmedabad. You even wrote a poem in calligraphy about it.
As a student, I was at CEPT in Ahmedabad for a month, participating in a workshop designing shells upside down. In the evenings, I’d sprawl on the IIM lawns. Once at dusk, above several storeys of brick arches, right on axis, was the upturned crescent. That’s when the Brick Poemoccurred. Decades later when I began to study Sinan in Turkey, I understood what that poem really meant; poets can lag behind the curve of their poems. I’ll be giving a talk at CEPT and that’s when after more than three decades the Brick Poemwill return to its site.

You have known and been with the legendary Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy and wrote a book on the elusive Indian architect Nari Gandi, apprentice to Frank Lloyd Wright. What were your learnings from and with them that you bring to your work, as a teacher and an architect?
Buildings are prophecies if they are mainstream; or conversations. Gandhi was trapped in his quest for absolute freedom. He excelled as a conversationalist; but did not influence mainstream. Fathy’s prophecies were at mainstream’s edge, yet conversed with the surroundings. Choose between an escapee and an escape-artist.

What does your long poem, which was written while staying in all those houses of Gandhi, say? Could quote a few lines.
Courtyard is silence
To talk of the courtyard
Is to break the spell.

You co-authored a book of poems, Alphabestiary, in which each letter of the alphabet is associated with an animal, such as Ant, Bull, Cat, Dragon, etc. What were you influenced by?
The animal fables of Panchatantra, Aesop Fables; Ibn Arabi arguing for animal rights in the 12th century; the 7th-century father-of-kitten Abu Hurairah. Mostly when we decided to call our son Nuh in Urdu, Nuhh in Arabic, Noah in English, Noé in French. Soon after, Dragonflyfluttered in (its now on YouTube) with a host of animals in its wake turning the oral poet into a one-man travelling zoo. Alphabestiaryis a thin slice, yet featured at the International Festival of Authors in Toronto.

Who, from the past, do you think looks over your shoulder when you write?
Ameer Meenai, and hopefully he can detect Urdu’s fragrance in my English.

Taj has lectured at Nashik, Pune and Delhi and Goa. His talks in Ahmedabad and Mumbai are on July 22 and 24 respectively.

source: http://www.indianexpress.com / The Indian Express / Home> Lifestyle / by Shiny Varghese / September 28th, 2015

Rahil Azam turns mentor to Jared and Hirva for Dil Jaise Dhadke Dhadakne Do

Bengaluru, KARNATAKA / Mumbai,  MAHARASHTRA :

Rahil Azam turned swimming coach for young co-stars Jared Savaille and Hirva Trivedi.

Rahil Azam, Jared Albert Savillie, Hirva Trivedi

Rahil Azam with Dil Jaise Dhadke Dhadakne Do co-stars Jared Albert Savillie and Hirva Trivedi.

Rahil Azam and Shruti Sheth-starrer Dil Jaise Dhadke Dhadakne Do will premiere on Star Plus on February 29. Actor Rahil Azam of Hatim fame plays the role of Gurudev in the show. The actor who was last seen in a negative role in Colors TV Tu Aashiqui recently turned mentor for his little co-stars Jared Savaille and Hirva Trivedi who play Yug and Iti, for an underwater scene.

Rahil donned the hat of a swimming coach for Yug and Iti for an important sequence in the show. The actor was quite impressed with Jared and Hirva and just wishes that their hard work pays off.

Talking about turning mentors to his young co-stars, Rahil Azam said, “I have been very fond of Yug and Iti, who I feel put in a lot of effort in order to deliver a flawless act, But what’s more interesting is that they sportingly take any challenges that come their way. Recently we were shooting a high-octane sequence where Iti to get drowned in deep river water and Yug enters as a Knight in shining armour to save her. Since this scene required perfect supervision, required the kids to be comfortable with water and know swimming, I decided to turn a coach to them and train them for the same. It was really a great experience and I really hope all our hard work pays off.”

Dil Jaise Dhadke Dhadakne Do will air on Star Plus from February 29 at 7 pm.

source: http://www.indiatoday.in / India Today / Home> News> Television> Soaps / by India Today Web Desk, New Delhi / February 27th, 2020

Kerala’s first Muslim woman panchayat president no more

Nannammukku (Malappuram), KERALA :

Ayishakutty, 91, the first woman panchayat president from the Muslim community in Kerala, died here on Monday night.

Ayishakutty
Ayishakutty

Malappuram :

Ayishakutty, 91, the first woman panchayat president from the Muslim community in Kerala, died here on Monday night. A native of Nannammukku in Malappuram, Ayishakutty had been undergoing treatment for age-related illnesses and she breathed her last around 11pm.Also known as Ayishakutty Teacher, she became the president of Nannammukku panchayat in 1979. Ayishakutty has been an inspiration to many women as she courageously took up the path of politics and social service at a time when many women, especially from her community, were not allowed to go out of their houses.

Despite warnings not to go out and speak publicly citing gender and religious issues, Ayishakutty chose to get education and interact with people to learn the problems in society. She became the first woman to complete SSLC in Ponnani taluk.  A Congress leader, she is also the first woman panchayat president in Malappuram district. After completing the first term as panchayat president, she served as a member from 1984 to 1991. She became the president of Nannammukku panchayat again in 1995. Apart from being active in politics, she also worked as a teacher at AMLP School, Punnayurkulam, Thrissur.

She is survived by daughters Laila and Jameeela and son-in-law Hamsa. The burial was conducted at the Nannammukku Juma Masjid on Tuesday. Abdul Kareem, the present panchayat president of Nannammukku, said Ayishakutty was a powerful leader who had implemented several development projects in the panchayat. “She had introduced the project to provide land to the landless people in the panchayat. Also, she worked relentlessly to end the drinking water problem and other issues in the agricultural sector in the panchayat,” said Kareem.

She became the president of Nannammukku panchayat in 1979.

source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> States> Kerala / by Express News Service / February 26th, 2020

Rana Ayyub gets McGill Medal 2020 for Journalist Courage

Mumbai, MAHARASHTRA / U.S.A :

Ayyub was previously an editor with the investigative magazine Tehelka

RanaAyyubMPOs25feb2020

New Delhi :

Global Opinions Writer at Washington Post and an author Rana Ayyub  on Monday won the 2020 McGill Medal for journalistic courage.

“Ayyub is committed to telling the stories of people who can’t do it on her own, making her an ideal McGill medal recipient,” Sofia Gratas, the McGill Fellow responsible for researching the nomination said.

Ayyub , after winning the award said it was a huge honour for her.”I accept this award on behalf of all journalists who are fighting an unpopular battle to speak the truth,” she tweeted.

@—————————————-

Rana Ayyub

@RanaAyyub

It is a huge honour for me. I accept this award on behalf of all journalists who are fighting an unpopular battle to speak the truth. Thank you @UGAGrady https://twitter.com/UGAGrady/status/1232011103061696514 

UGA Grady College

@UGAGrady

Rana Ayyub (@RanaAyyub), global opinions writer for the @washingtonpost is the recipient of the 2020 McGill Medal for journalistic courage.

She will accept the award at Grady on April 22.

LINK: http://t.uga.edu/5GH

 

RanaTwitterMPOs25feb2020

____________________________________________________

The Mumbai-based journalist Ayyub will collect the award at The Grady College Of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia on 22 April.

Ayyub was previously an editor with the investigative magazine Tehelka.

Gujarat Files

She also authored an international bestseller titled of “Gujarat Files : Anatomy of a Cover-Up”, an undercover investigation which exposes the complicity of the PM Modi and Union Home Minister Amit Shah in state-sponsored genocide in the 2002 Gujarat riots .

She has often been the target of the vitriolic abuse that is hurled on her on social media platforms from Hindutva activists.

In 2019, Ayyub was named by Time magazine among ten global journalists who face the maximum threat to their lives.

McGill Medal 

The McGill program is named for Ralph McGill, the late editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution. McGill was regarded by many as “the conscience of the South” for his editorials challenging racial segregation in the 1950s and 1960s.

The McGill Medal, now in its twelfth year, is part of the McGill Program for Journalistic Courage at UGA’s Grady College.

source: http://www.siasat.com / The Siasat Daily / Home> News> India / posted by Safoora / February 25th, 2020

Little-known fact: Aurangzeb had more Rajput administrators than Akbar

DELHI , INDIA :

In ‘Understanding Mughal India’, Meena Bhargava writes about how Aurangzeb patronised several Hindu institutions & was supported in the war of succession by Rajputs.

A portrait of Mughal ruler Aurangzeb | Photo: collections.vam.ac.uk/
A portrait of Mughal ruler Aurangzeb | Photo: collections.vam.ac.uk/

That Aurangzeb’s orthodoxy and his dedication to his beliefs was personal rather than a matter for political interference is evident in his reactions and responses during the war of succession of 1658, a quadrangular conflict between Dara, Shuja, Aurangzeb, and Murad. Throughout the struggle, Aurangzeb was concerned about Dara’s political manoeuvres. Their individual feelings and religious outlook—which stood in sharp contrast—remained confined to the personal level. Aurangzeb referred to Dara as mushrik (heretic) while Dara called Aurangzeb kotah pyjama (narrow pants), a symbolic attribute of orthodoxy. Both attempted to rally public opinion, but never on religious grounds. In fact, the support that largely came for Aurangzeb was from the Rajputs, notably Rana Raj Singh of Mewar, Raja Jai Singh Kachwaha of Amber, and later, Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar. In this context may be related an interesting nishan that Aurangzeb sent to Rana Raj Singh of Mewar, condemning such kings who practised intolerance that could become the cause of dispute, conflict, and harm to the people, and could ‘devastate the prosperous creations of God and destroy the foundations of the God-created fabric’. Such attitudes of kings, Aurangzeb ordained, deserve ‘to be rejected and cast off’. This document from the Udaipur records is a clear revelation of what Aurangzeb intended as his public policy. It further confirmed that Aurangzeb, in the struggle for succession, did not raise the cry of jihad or Islam in danger, nor did he promulgate a new religious policy contrary to that of his predecessors; neither did Dara claim to be the champion of liberal forces. The issue was not religious or ideological, or whether orthodoxy would triumph or liberalism. It was a question of personal vested interest, political in nature but free from religious connotations, that is: Who would be the emperor of India, Dara or Aurangzeb? It is in such a context that Aurangzeb deserves to be assessed.

Debating Aurangzeb’s leanings—religious orthodoxy or political pragmatism—one needs to ask: Did Aurangzeb really intend, as Jadunath Sarkar suggested, the establishment of dar-ul-Islam or a truly Islamic State in India, the conversion of the entire population to Islam, and the annihilation of dissenters? Or, as Ishtiyaq Husain Qureshi argued, was it rigid adherence to the shari’a and undoing the damage caused by Akbar; or the triumph of Muslim theology, as Shri Ram Sharma asserted? If this was really the case, then the emperor’s personal valour, military skills, and single-minded commitment to achieving territorial expansion and consolidation would stand negated. The biased ideological portrayal of the emperor, regardless of historical accuracy, makes it difficult to explain the increase in the number of Rajput mansabdars in Aurangzeb’s administration as compared to Akbar’s period, and their rise from 24 per cent under Shahjahan to 33 per cent in 1689. Nor can Raghunath Ray Kayastha’s dominance as diwan-i kul be understood rationally. Raghunath Ray not only supported Aurangzeb but also participated in several expeditions of the period. Aurangzeb honoured him with the title of Raja and when Raghunath Ray died in 1664, the emperor, in his obituary written in Ruqa’at-i Alamgiri, remembered him as the greatest administrator he had ever known.

There are well-documented evidences of Aurangzeb’s patronage of various Hindu religious institutions, namely temples, maths, grants to Brahmins and pujaris:

  • Land grants were renewed to the temples at Mathura, Banaras, Gaya, Gauhati, and others, while the emperor is known to have donated ghee for the navadeep in a few temples, including the Mahabateshwar temple at Agra;
  • Gifts were offered to the Sikh gurudwara at Dehradun;
  • Madad-i ma’ash grants, as listed in the Rajasthan documents, were continued to a math of Nathpanthi yogis in pargana Didwana, sarkar Nagor;
  • Grants were also made to Ganesh Bharti faqir and his successors in pargana Siwana with the instructions that the faqir should not be disturbed so he could ‘pray for this sultanat’.
  • The Vrindavan document of 1704 referred to a parwana which sanctioned the rights of Chaitanya gosains who had founded Vrindavan and established pilgrimages in Braj Bhumi, and recognised the right of Brajanand Gosain to receive a fee from the followers of the sect on account of kharj sadir o warid, that is, expenses on guests and travellers from each village. In effect, it was a government levy for the benefit of Brajanand Gosain and his Vaishnavite followers.

From the above description, Aurangzeb’s patronage to temples appears without doubt. And yet some temples were attacked, while others were spared. This aberration in the emperor’s attitude can be explained by only one rationale: it was not iconoclasm, but reprisal for rebellion or political misconduct or disloyalty to the emperor. This exposition can be applied to understand the attack on the Vishwanath temple at Kashi, the Keshav Dev temple at Mathura, and several prominent temples in Rajasthan. In 1669, during a zamindar revolt in Banaras, it was suspected that some of them had assisted Shivaji in his escape from imperial detention. It was also believed that Shivaji’s escape was initially facilitated by Jai Singh, the great-grandson of Raja Man Singh, who had built the Vishwanath temple. It was against this background that Aurangzeb ordered the destruction of that temple in September 1669.

Around the same time, in a Jat rebellion that had erupted in the neighbouring regions of Mathura, a patron of the local congregational mosque was killed, leading to Aurangzeb’s order in 1670 to attack the Keshav Dev temple at Mathura. Temples in Marwar and Mewar were also attacked following the death of Maharaja Jaswant Singh to reprimand and crush the Rathor rebellion and the development of a Sisodia– Rathor alliance. These included temples in Khandela patronised by rebel chieftains; temples in Jodhpur maintained by a former supporter of Dara Shukoh; and the royal temples in Udaipur and Chittor patronised by Rana Raj Singh after the Rana entered into an alliance with the Rathors that signalled the withdrawal of loyalty to the Mughal State. It may be observed that the Rathor rebellion was not a reaction or a protest against the re-imposition of jizya. Instead, this re-imposition, as Abu’l Fazl Ma’muri observed in the context of the suppression of the Satnami revolt and prior to the emperor’s expedition to Ajmer, was meant for ‘the affliction of the rebellious unbelievers’.

MughalBookMPOs24feb2020

This excerpt from Understanding Mughal India: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries by Meena Bhargava has been published with permission from Orient BlackSwan.

source: http://www.theprint.in / The Print / Home>  Page Turner> Book Excerpts / by Meena Bhargava / February 19th, 2020